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<h2>4. Creating Materials</h2>
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<h3>4.1 Types</h3>
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Instead of creating materials for your self, like one usually does in 3d modeling programs, a couple of predefined materials are used. What needs to be filled out are the different maps used.
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<p>
<b>Settings for General</b><br/>

Use Alpha: TODO<br/>

Depth Test:<br/>

Value:<br/>

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<h4>4.1.1 Flat</h4>
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This material shows the diffuse map without any lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse
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<h4>4.1.2 Additive</h4>
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This transparent material is blended additively with the background.<br/>

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<em>Result = source_pixel + screen_pixel</em><br/>

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It is not affected by lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse
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<h4>4.1.3 Modulative</h4>
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This transparent material is multiplied with the background.<br/>

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<em>Result = source_pixel *  screen_pixel</em><br/>

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It is not affected by lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse
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<h4>4.1.4 Modulative x 2</h4>
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This transparent material is multiplied with the background times two, like this:<br/>

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<em>Result = (source_pixel * screen_pixel) * 2</em><br/>

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It is not affected by lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse
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<h4>4.1.5 Alpha</h4>
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Each texel on the texture is transperant according to the alpha channel on the texture.<br/>

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It is not affected by lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse
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<h4>4.1.6 Diffuse</h4>
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The diffuse map with lighting.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse and Illumination (optional).
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<h4>4.1.7 DiffuseSpecular</h4>
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The diffuse map with lighting and specular term. Does not have any support for specular map.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse and Illumination (optional).
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<h4>4.1.8 Bump</h4>
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This material shows the diffuse map with a bump mapped surface.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse, Normal-Map and Illumination (optional).
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<h4>4.1.9 BumpSpecular</h4>
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This material shows the diffuse map with a bump mapped surface and specular term. The alpha channel of the normal map is used as specular map.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse, Normal-Map and Illumination (optional).
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<h4>4.1.10 BumpColorSpecular</h4>
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This material shows the diffuse map with a bump mapped surface and a color specular term.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse, Normal-Map, Specular and Illumination (optional).
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<h4>4.1.11 EnvironmentMapReflect</h4>
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This material shows the diffuse map with a environment reflection from a CubeMap.<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse and CubeMap.
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<h4>4.1.12 Water</h4>
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This transparent material is blended additively with the background. It also has a bobbing surface.
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Result = source_pixel + screen_pixel
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It is not affected by lighting<br/>

<b>Texture units:</b> Diffuse.
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<h3>4.2 Texture units</h3>
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<p>
The different material types uses texture units to calculate the value of pixel. Each texture units have the following properties:
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<div class="table"><table class="inline">
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="leftalign"><b>Type:</b>     </td><td class="col1">The type of texture, 1D, 2D and Cube can be used. Normally only 2D is used.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="leftalign"><b>Mipmaps:</b>  </td><td class="col1">If mipmaps should be created for the texture and should be used for most textures.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"><b>Compress:</b> </td><td class="col1">If hardware compression should be used if available. (Not supported yet).</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="leftalign"><b>Wrap:</b>     </td><td class="col1">The wrap mode to use when drawing the texture, “Repeat” means texture is tiled. “Clamp” means that uv-values above 1 and below 0 are clamped. Useful on for example flat objects with transparent edges. “ClampToEdge” is the same as “Clamp” but does not blend with the opposite edge.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="leftalign"><b>Anim mode:</b>     </td><td class="col1">How to play an animation, looping or bouncing back and forth with oscillation.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="leftalign"><b>Frame time:</b>    </td><td class="col1">How long an image should be displayed in an image sequence, 1 = 1 image / second, 2 = 1 image / 2 seconds, 0.2 = 5 images / second etc. </td>
	</tr>
</table>
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<p>
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<h4>4.2.1 Diffuse</h4>
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The r,g and b channels contain the color values. The alpha channel is used for transparent materials.
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<h4>4.2.2 Normal-Map</h4>
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This is a map showing the topology of a surface in tangent space. The r,g and b channels contain the compressed normal vectors. The alpha channel is used for specifying the specular term for specular material, 0= no specularity 1 = full specularity.
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<h4>4.2.3 Illumination</h4>
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This map is additively added after all lights has been rendered.
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<h4>4.2.4 Specular</h4>
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The r,g and b channels are used to create a specular effect. The whiter the shinier, black = no shine.
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<h4>4.2.5 CubeMap</h4>
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<em>Cube map texturing is a form of texture mapping that uses a 3D direction vector (a fancy phrase that means nothing more than a direction) to index into a texture that is six square 2D textures arranged like the faces of a cube. See <a href="http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cube_map_ogl_tutorial.html" class="urlextern" title="http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cube_map_ogl_tutorial.html"  rel="nofollow">this cube map tutorial</a> for extensive information on it's construction.</em>
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<p>
The CubeMap is used to create a "reflection" of the environment in a texture, for example the ice in the ice cave level in penumbra. 
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<p>
For the HPL engine you make the 6 images as separate images, and you name them:<br/>

nameofimage_neg_x<br/>

nameofimage_neg_y<br/>

nameofimage_neg_z<br/>

nameofimage_pos_x<br/>

nameofimage_pos_y<br/>

nameofimage_pos_z<br/>

</p>

<p>
In the material editor under Texture Units at the file prompt: you add one of the images and only use the "nameofimage" excluding _ckgedit_QUOT<u>neg_x", the engine will then automatically locate and use the 6 images.
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==== 4.3 File format ====
Material files has the extension “.mat”, are made in XML and has the following format:

<code xml>
</u>GESHI_OPEN<u>Material>
</u>GESHI_OPEN<u>Main Type=</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[material type]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>/>
</u>GESHI_OPEN<u>TextureUnits>
</u>GESHI_OPEN<u>[Texture unit] File=</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[file name]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u> Type =</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[type]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u> Mipmaps=</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[true or false]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u> Compress=</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[true or false]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u> Wrap=</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>[wrap mode]</u>GESHI_QUOT<u>/>
[additional texture units…]
</u>GESHI_OPEN<u>/TextureUnits>
</u>GESHI_OPEN__/Material>

</code>
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<p>
Instead of handwriting these files HplHelper can be used to create material files. 
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<h3>4.4 Physics material</h3>
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This is gives the material physical properties as well. Read more about the different types under <a href="/doku.php?id=hpl1:documentation:content.creation.document#physicsmaterials" class="wikilink2" title="hpl1:documentation:content.creation.document" rel="nofollow">chapter 5.6</a>. Note that this property is only useful for static scene geometry and is NOT used for entities, entities specify their physics material in the entity file.
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